{"id":11065,"date":"2023-12-19T12:04:35","date_gmt":"2023-12-19T04:04:35","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/opgogo.com\/blog2\/?p=11065"},"modified":"2023-12-19T12:09:56","modified_gmt":"2023-12-19T04:09:56","slug":"%e8%bd%ac%e5%b8%96social-psych-101","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/opgogo.com\/blog2\/?p=11065","title":{"rendered":"[\u8f6c\u5e16]Social Psych 101"},"content":{"rendered":"

\u5199\u5728\u524d\u9762
\n\uff08\u5c0f\u5c0f\u7684\u8bf4\u660e\uff1a\u56fd\u5916\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u76f4\u8bd1\u6709\u70b9\u5947\u602a\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u653e\u539f\u6587\u4e86\uff09
\n\u3010\u4ec0\u4e48\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u3011
\n– The scientific study of how people think about, influence, and relate to one another (Myers, 2013)
\n\"\"
\n\u601d\u8003\u3001\u5f71\u54cd\u3001\u8fde\u63a5<\/p>\n

\u3010\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\u60f3\u548c\u5927\u5bb6\u5206\u4eab\u3011
\n\u5de5\u4f5c
\n\u751f\u6d3b
\n\u4e2a\u4f53
\n\u793e\u4f1a
\n1. \u6211\u4eec\u5e38\u6709\u7684\u201c\u60ef\u6027\u201d\u4e0e\u201c\u4e60\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5e38\u201d\uff0c\u662f\u4e3a\u4ec0\u4e48\uff1f
\n2. \u4e86\u89e3\u539f\u56e0\uff0c\u662f\u5426\u4f1a\u6709\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u6216\u5904\u7406\u65b9\u6cd5\uff1f
\n3. \u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u8d85\u9177\uff0c\u4f60\u503c\u5f97\u62e5\u6709\u3002<\/p>\n

\u3010\u672c\u671f\u5206\u4eab\u7684Topics\u3011
\n\u6784\u6210\u793e\u4f1a\u5fc3\u7406\u5b66\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u9aa8\u67b6 + \u6838\u5fc3\u6982\u5ff5 + \u8457\u540d\u7406\u8bba\/\u5b9e\u9a8c
\n1. \u4e86\u89e3\u81ea\u6211\uff1aThe Self
\n 1. Self-serving Bias\uff1b
\n 2. False Consensus Bias
\n2. \u5f52\u56e0\uff1aAttribution
\n 1. The Fundamental Attribution Error
\n3. \u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6001\u5ea6\uff1aBehavior and Attitudes
\n 1. Self-presentation;
\n 2. Self-justification (cognitive dissonance);
\n 3. Self-perception
\n4. \u4ece\u4f17\uff1aConformity
\n 1. Compliance
\n 2. Acceptance (The Milgram Studies)
\n5. \u7fa4\u4f53\uff1aGroups
\n 1. Social Facilitation<\/p>\n

I. \u81ea\u6211\uff08The Self\uff09
\n– \u6211\u4eec\u5982\u4f55\u770b\u5f85\u81ea\u6211\uff0c\u4f1a\u53d7\u5230\u591a\u79cd\u5916\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6587\u5316\uff08\u4e2a\u4eba\u4e3b\u4e49vs\u96c6\u4f53\u4e3b\u4e49\uff09\uff1a
\n\"\"
\n– \u4f46\u4e0d\u53d8\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u7684\u89c6\u89d2\u603b\u662f\u4ee5\u81ea\u6211\u4e3a\u4e2d\u5fc3\uff1a
\n– Self-serving Bias \uff08\u81ea\u6211\u670d\u52a1\u504f\u89c1\uff09\u2014\u2014 The tendency to perceive oneself favorably.
\n– \u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u52a0\u5de5\u548c\u81ea\u6211\u6709\u5173\u7684\u4fe1\u606f\u65f6\uff0c\u5e38\u5e38\u4f1a\u53ea\u4ee5\u597d\u7684\u4e00\u9762\u6765\u770b\u5f85\u3002<\/p>\n

– \u4e00\u4e9bSelf-serving Bias\u7684\u7c7b\u578b\u4e0e\u8868\u8c61\uff1a
\n 1. \u5c06\u6210\u529f\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u548c\u52aa\u529b\uff0c\u5c06\u5931\u8d25\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u8fd0\u6c14\u548c\u5916\u5728\u7684\u56e0\u7d20\u3002
\n 1. \u6bd4\u5982\u4e00\u540d\u6559\u5e08\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u5c06\u4f18\u5f02\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\u5f52\u529f\u4e8e\u81ea\u5df1\uff0c\u800c\u628a\u7cdf\u7cd5\u7684\u6210\u7ee9\u5f52\u548e\u4e8e\u5b66\u751f\u6216\u8bd5\u5377\u3002
\n 2. \u4e0e\u4ed6\u4eba\u76f8\u6bd4\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u66f4\u597d\u3002
\n 1. \u6bd4\u5982\u591a\u6570\u6210\u5e74\u4eba\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5bf9\u7236\u6bcd\u7684\u8d61\u517b\u6240\u4ed8\u51fa\u7684\u8981\u6bd4\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5144\u5f1f\u59d0\u59b9\u4eec\u591a\u3002
\n 3. \u76f2\u76ee\u7684\u4e50\u89c2\u4e3b\u4e49\u3002
\n 1. \u6bd4\u5982\u65b0\u4eba\u5728\u9886\u53d6\u7ed3\u5a5a\u8bc1\u65f6\uff0c\u90fd\u4f1a\u8ba4\u4e3a\u81ea\u5df1\u5c06\u6765\u79bb\u5a5a\u7684\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u662f\u96f6\u3002
\n 4. \u865a\u5047\u666e\u904d\u6027\u548c\u865a\u5047\u72ec\u7279\u6027\uff08False consensus effect\/False uniqueness effect\uff09\u3002
\n 1. \u6bd4\u5982\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u5fae\u535a\u4e0a\u652f\u6301\u67d0\u4e2a\u89c2\u70b9\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4f1a\u4ee5\u4e3a\u5176\u4ed6\u4eba\u4e5f\u652f\u6301\u540c\u6837\u7684\u89c2\u70b9\u3002\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u6492\u4e86\u8c0e\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u4e5f\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u8ba4\u4e3a\u522b\u4eba\u4e5f\u662f\u4e0d\u8bda\u5b9e\u7684\u3002\u8fd9\u79cd\u9ad8\u4f30\u81ea\u5df1\u89c2\u70b9\u548c\u5f31\u70b9\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\uff0c\u53eb\u505a\u865a\u5047\u666e\u904d\u6027\u6548\u5e94\u3002
\n 2. \u800c\u5982\u679c\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u67d0\u4ef6\u4e8b\u60c5\u4e0a\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u8f83\u9ad8\u7684\u667a\u529b\u548c\u54c1\u5fb7\u65f6\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u5219\u4f1a\u4f4e\u4f30\u5b83\u4eec\u7684\u666e\u904d\u6027\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u73b0\u8c61\u53eb\u505a\u201c\u865a\u5047\u72ec\u7279\u6027\u6548\u5e94\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\/\/\u5f17\u6d1b\u4f0a\u5fb7\u7684\u4eba\u683c\u7ed3\u6784\u7406\u8bba\uff08\u672c\u6211,\u81ea\u6211,\u8d85\u6211\uff09\u3001\u9a6c\u65af\u6d1b\u7684\u4e94\u5c42\u9700\u6c42\u7b49\u7b49\u90fd\u662f\u5e2e\u52a9\u4e86\u89e3\u4eba\u7c7b\u81ea\u6211\u7684\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

Quiz Time
\n– \u5728\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u6216\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u6709\u9047\u5230\u8fc7\u7c7b\u4f3c\u81ea\u6211\u670d\u52a1\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u573a\u666f\u5417\uff1f
\n– \u4f60\u6709\u4ec0\u4e48\u597d\u7684\u5e94\u5bf9\u81ea\u6211\u670d\u52a1\u504f\u89c1\u7684\u5efa\u8bae\uff1f<\/p>\n

II. \u5f52\u56e0\uff08Attribution\uff09
\n– \u4e0a\u4e00\u7ae0\u8bb2\u8ff0\u7684\u662f\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u770b\u5f85\u201c\u81ea\u6211\u201d\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\u7684\u504f\u5dee\uff0c\u90a3\u5f53\u6211\u4eec\u5728\u770b\u5f85\u201c\u4ed6\u4eba\u201d\u884c\u4e3a\u65f6\u5462\uff1f<\/p>\n

– Attribution – the process through which we seek to identify the causes of others\u2019 behavior
\n– \u5f52\u56e0\u2014\u2014\u6211\u4eec\u8bd5\u56fe\u627e\u51fa\u4ed6\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u539f\u56e0\u7684\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002\u5f80\u5f80\u5b58\u5728\u4ee5\u4e0b\u4e24\u79cd\u539f\u56e0\u7c7b\u578b\uff1a
\n – \u5185\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\uff1adispositional factors (e.g., personality traits)
\n – \u5916\u5728\u56e0\u7d20\uff1asituational factors (e.g., situations or the environment)<\/p>\n

The Foundamental Attribution Error (\u57fa\u672c\u5f52\u56e0\u9519\u8bef)
\nThe tendency for observers to underestimate situational influences and overestimate dispositional influences on behavior (Ross, 1977)
\n\u4eba\u4eec\u5e38\u5e38\u628a\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u5f52\u56e0\u4e8e\u4eba\u683c\u6216\u6001\u5ea6\u7b49\u5185\u5728\u7279\u8d28\u4e0a\uff0c\u800c\u5ffd\u7565\u4ed6\u4eec\u6240\u5904\u60c5\u5883\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u6027\u3002
\n– \u4e00\u4e9b\u57fa\u672c\u5f52\u56e0\u9519\u8bef\u7684\u4f8b\u5b50\uff1a
\n – XX\u4e0b\u5c5e\u4eca\u5929\u7f3a\u5e2d\u4e86\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u4f1a\u8bae\uff1aA. \u4ed6\u8fd9\u4e2a\u4eba\u5de5\u4f5c\u6001\u5ea6\u4e0d\u884c \uff1bB. \u4ed6\u53ef\u80fd\u5bb6\u91cc\u9047\u5230\u4e86\u6025\u4e8b
\n – XX\u8001\u677f\u4eca\u5929\u8ba9\u6211\u6539\u4e86\u597d\u591a\u904d\u6750\u6599\uff1aA. \u4ed6\u662f\u4e0d\u662f\u6545\u610f\u9488\u5bf9\u6211 \uff1bB. \u8fd9\u4e2a\u6750\u6599\u5f88\u91cd\u8981\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u8001\u677f\u91cd\u89c6
\n – XX\u540c\u4e8b\u4eca\u5929\u88ab\u8001\u677f\u6279\u8bc4\u4e86\uff1aA. \u4ed6\u5de5\u4f5c\u80fd\u529b\u4e0d\u884c\u4e0d\u591f\u806a\u660e \uff1bB. \u4ed6\u521a\u63a5\u89e6\u65b0\u7684\u4e1a\u52a1\u8fd8\u4e0d\u719f\u6089\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9002\u5e94<\/p>\n

– \u600e\u6837\u907f\u514d\u57fa\u672c\u5f52\u56e0\u9519\u8bef\uff1fFundamental Attribution Error: What It Is & How to Avoid It \uff08hbs)
\n – \u5e73\u8861\uff1a\u5f53\u4f60\u56e0\u4e3a\u540c\u4e8b\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u201c\u8d1f\u9762\u54c1\u8d28\u201d\u800c\u5fc3\u751f\u4e0d\u6ee1\u65f6\uff0c\u8bd5\u7740\u5217\u51fa\u4ed6\u4eec\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u7684\u4e94\u4e2a\u79ef\u6781\u7684\u54c1\u8d28\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u53ef\u4ee5\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5e73\u8861\u89c6\u89d2\uff0c\u5e2e\u52a9\u4f60\u5168\u9762\u770b\u5f85\u540c\u4e8b\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u53ea\u770b\u5230\u4ed6\u4eec\u7684\u67d0\u4e2a\u8d1f\u9762\u54c1\u8d28\u3002
\n – \u60c5\u5546\uff1a\u5728\u8fc7\u53bb\u7684 20 \u5230 30 \u5e74\u91cc\uff0c\u60c5\u5546\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u5546\u4e1a\u754c\u7684\u70ed\u95e8\u8bdd\u9898\uff0c\u4f46\u5b83\u6d89\u53ca\u5230\u5b9e\u8df5\u81ea\u6211\u610f\u8bc6\u3001\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\u3001\u81ea\u6211\u8c03\u8282\u7b49\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u5ba2\u89c2\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u670d\u52a1\u4e8e\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u957f\u671f\u5229\u76ca\u548c\u4ed6\u4eba\u7684\u5229\u76ca\u3002\u5c24\u5176\u662f\u5b9e\u8df5\u540c\u7406\u5fc3\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u4e0e\u540c\u4e8b\u8ba8\u8bba\u4ed6\u4eec\u5bf9\u9879\u76ee\u548c\u529e\u516c\u5ba4\u5916\u751f\u6d3b\u7684\u770b\u6cd5\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u5f88\u597d\u7684\u7b2c\u4e00\u6b65\u3002<\/p>\n

\u60c5\u7eea\u5316\u7684\u504f\u89c1\uff08FAE\uff09\u662f\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\u5b8c\u5168\u514b\u670d\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u662f\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u63d0\u9ad8\u610f\u8bc6\u5e76\u4f7f\u7528\u4e00\u4e9b\u5c0f\u5de5\u5177\u548c\u7b56\u7565\uff0c\u5e76\u6709\u610f\u8bc6\u5730\u52aa\u529b\u9650\u5236\u5176\u5f71\u54cd\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u66f4\u52a0\u5bbd\u5bb9\u548c\u7406\u89e3\u4f60\u7684\u540c\u4e8b\/\u5468\u56f4\u7684\u4eba\u3002\u8fd9\u4e5f\u662f\u5728\u804c\u573a\u548c\u751f\u6d3b\u4e2d\uff0c\u4eba\u4eba\u90fd\u9700\u8981\u63d0\u9ad8\u7684\u80fd\u529b\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002<\/p>\n

Quiz Time
\n– \u5728\u804c\u573a\u4e2d\uff0c\u4f60\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u77ac\u95f4\u6216\u573a\u666f\uff0c\u610f\u8bc6\u5230\u81ea\u5df1\u72af\u4e86\u57fa\u672c\u5f52\u56e0\u9519\u8bef\uff1f
\n– \u5f53\u4e86\u89e3\u4e86\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u540e\uff0c\u65e5\u540e\u4f60\u6253\u7b97\u600e\u6837\u907f\u514d\uff1f<\/p>\n

III. \u884c\u4e3a\u4e0e\u6001\u5ea6 \uff08Behavior and Attitudes\uff09
\n– \u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u5417\uff0c\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u81ea\u6211\u670d\u52a1\u504f\u89c1\uff0c\u8fd8\u662f\u57fa\u7840\u5f52\u56e0\u9519\u8bef\uff0c\u90fd\u662f\u4eba\u5bf9\u4e8e\u884c\u4e3a\u800c\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u6001\u5ea6
\n– \u884c\u4e3a\u80fd\u591f\u9884\u6d4b\u6001\u5ea6\u5417\uff1f
\n – \u201cOur behavior is the horse, our attitudes the cart\u201d (Leon Festinger, 1964).
\n\"\"
\n\"\"
\n– At times, we come to believe how we act –
\n – Zimbardo\u2019s Stanford Prison Study (1971) – learn more at http:\/\/www.prisonexp.org\/
\n – \u65af\u5766\u798f\u76d1\u72f1\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff1a
\n