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50\u548c60\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u8c03\u67e5\u961f\u5728\u8fd9\u4e2a\u5730\u533a\u53d1\u73b0\u4e86\u6781\u5c0f\u7684\u73bb\u7483\u7403\u6d12\u5728\u571f\u5730\u4e0a\u3002\u5316\u5b66\u5206\u6790\u663e\u793a\u7403\u5185\u542b\u6709\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u954d\u548c\u94f1—\u5728\u9668\u77f3\u4e2d\u5e38\u89c1\u7684\u91d1\u5c5e\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u4e5f\u786e\u5b9a\u5b83\u4eec\u662f\u6765\u81ea\u5730\u7403\u4ee5\u5916\u7684\u3002\u53e6\u5916\u7531"\u6839\u90a3\u8fea\u00b7\u666e\u5217\u514b\u54c8\u6d1b\u592b"(Gennady Plekhanov)\u6240\u9886\u5bfc\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u961f\u53d1\u73b0\u5e76\u6ca1\u6709\u8f90\u5c04\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u8ff9\u8c61\uff0c\u8fd9\u8868\u793a\u8fd9\u5e76\u4e0d\u662f\u81ea\u7136\u7684\u6838\u81ea\u7206\u73b0\u8c61\u3002<\/p>\n

1975\u5e74\uff0c\u4ee5\u8272\u5217\u7684\u9b4f\u7386\u66fc\u79d1\u5b66\u9662\u7684\u5730\u9707\u5b66\u5bb6\u6885\u7eb3\u6d77\u59c6(Ari Ben-Menahem)\u5206\u6790\u4e86\u901a\u53e4\u65af\u5730\u9707\u6ce2\u7684\u8d44\u6599\uff0c\u8ba4\u4e3a\u7206\u70b8\u7684\u80fd\u91cf\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e1000\u679a\u6295\u5728\u5e7f\u5c9b\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u5f39\uff0c\u5f15\u8d77\u4e86\u5929\u4f53\u7269\u7406\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\uff0c\u8fd1\u4e00\u6b65\u7684\u6a21\u62df\u663e\u793a\u5c0f\u884c\u661f\u53ef\u80fd\u572810\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u9ad8\u5ea6\u5c31\u84b8\u53d1\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u4e0d\u6392\u9664\u67091\u7c73\u76f4\u5f84\u7684\u788e\u7247\u843d\u4e0b\u30021991\u5e74\uff0c\u610f\u5927\u5229\u7684\u63a2\u67e5\u961f\u524d\u5f80\u901a\u53e4\u65af\u52d8\u67e5\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4e24\u7bc71960\u5e74\u4ee3\u6709\u5173\u4e8e\u8ddd\u79bb\u7206\u70b8\u5730\u70b98\u516c\u91cc\u7684\u5951\u79d1\u6e56\uff08Lake Cheko\uff09\u7684\u8bba\u6587\uff0c\u4e3a\u8fd9\u767e\u5e74\u60ac\u6848\u5e26\u6765\u4e86\u4e00\u7ebf\u65b0\u7684\u66d9\u5149\uff0c\u7b54\u6848\u53ef\u80fd\u5c31\u5728\u5951\u79d1\u6e56\u5e95\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9668\u77f3\u5047\u8bf4<\/p>\n

\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7206\u70b8
\n\u5728\u79d1\u5b66\u754c\uff0c\u6bd4\u8f83\u88ab\u5927\u5bb6\u63a5\u53d7\u7684\u8bf4\u6cd5\u662f\u4e00\u679a\u9668\u77f3\u5728\u5927\u7ea6\u79bb\u57306~10\u516c\u91cc\u4e0a\u7a7a\u7206\u70b8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u9668\u77f3\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u4ece\u5916\u592a\u7a7a\u8fdb\u5165\u5730\u7403\uff0c\u901f\u5ea6\u901a\u5e38\u53ef\u8fbe\u6bcf\u79d210\u516c\u91cc\u3002\u5176\u5728\u901a\u8fc7\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\u65f6\u78e8\u64e6\u6240\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u70ed\u5341\u5206\u5de8\u5927\uff0c\u5927\u90e8\u5206\u7684\u9668\u77f3\u5728\u5230\u8fbe\u5730\u9762\u65f6\u4fbf\u5df2\u71c3\u70e7\u6b86\u5c3d\u6216\u7206\u70b8\u3002\u4e00\u4e2a\u76f4\u5f8410\u7c73\u7684\u9668\u77f3\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u7ea62\u4e07\u5428\u5de6\u53f3\u7684\u7206\u70b8\uff0c\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u6295\u5728\u5e7f\u5c9b\u7684\u539f\u5b50\u5f39\u5a01\u529b\u3002<\/p>\n

\u4ece20\u4e16\u7eaa\u540e\u534a\u5f00\u59cb\uff0c\u5bf9\u5730\u7403\u5927\u6c14\u5c42\u7684\u76d1\u6d4b\u8ba9\u4eba\u7c7b\u5f00\u59cb\u6ce8\u610f\u5343\u5428\u7ea7\u9668\u77f3\u7684\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7206\u70b8\u3002\u6839\u636e\u7f8e\u56fd\u7a7a\u519b\u56fd\u9632\u652f\u63f4\u8ba1\u5212\uff08Defense Support Program\uff09\u7684\u8d44\u6599\u663e\u793a\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u7206\u70b8\u5927\u7ea6\u4e00\u5e74\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u6b21\u3002\u800c\u7c7b\u4f3c\u901a\u53e4\u65af\u90a3\u79cd\u5927\u5c0f\u7684—\u767e\u4e07\u5428\u7ea7\u7684\u662f\u975e\u5e38\u7f55\u89c1\u7684\uff1b\u5c22\u91d1\u00b7\u4fee\u6885\u514b\uff08Eugene M. Shoemaker\uff09\u535a\u58eb\u4f30\u8ba1\u8fd9\u79cd\u5927\u5c0f\u7684\u9668\u77f3\u5927\u7ea6300\u5e74\u624d\u4f1a\u53d1\u751f\u4e00\u6b21\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7206\u70b8\u7c7b\u578b
\n\u5728\u901a\u53e4\u65af\u7206\u70b8\u65f6\uff0c\u5728\u7206\u70b8\u4e2d\u5fc3\u6b63\u4e0b\u65b9\u7684\u6811\u88ab\u8131\u53bb\u6811\u679d\u6811\u76ae\uff0c\u800c\u7a0d\u8fdc\u7684\u6811\u5219\u56e0\u4e3a\u7206\u70b8\u6ce2\u800c\u503e\u5012\uff0c\u8fd9\u4e2a\u73b0\u8c61\u4e5f\u88ab\u5728\u6838\u6b66\u8bd5\u7206\u4e2d\u53d1\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n

1960\u5e74\u4e2d\u671f\uff0c\u82cf\u8054\u4f7f\u7528\u6a21\u578b\u6811\u8ddf\u5c0f\u578b\u70b8\u836f\u4f5c\u5b9e\u9a8c\uff0c\u5bfb\u627e\u90a3\u79cd\u7206\u70b8\u65b9\u5f0f\u53ef\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u50cf\u901a\u53e4\u65af\u7206\u70b8\u76f8\u4f3c\u7684\u8774\u8776\u578b\u7206\u70b8\u3002\u5b9e\u9a8c\u663e\u793a\u8fd9\u4e2a\u7269\u4f53\u662f\u4ee5\u5927\u7ea6\u4e0e\u5730\u9762\u5939\u89d230\u5ea6\u3001\u4e0e\u5317\u65b9\u5939\u89d2
\n\u7ea6115\u5ea6\u63a5\u8fd1\u5730\u9762\uff0c\u7136\u540e\u5728\u7a7a\u4e2d\u7206\u70b8\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5176\u4ed6\u5047\u8bf4
\n\u4f5c\u4e3a20\u4e16\u7eaa\u6700\u5927\u7684\u4e0d\u89e3\u4e4b\u8c1c\u4e4b\u4e00\u7684\u901a\u53e4\u65af\u5927\u7206\u70b8\uff0c\u5438\u5f15\u4e86\u65e0\u6570\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\u4fbf\u6709\u4e86\u4e0a\u767e\u79cd\u7684\u5047\u8bf4\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u4f46\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5047\u8bf4\u90fd\u4e0d\u80fd\u7ed9\u6240\u6709\u7684\u602a\u5f02\u73b0\u8c61\u4f5c\u51fa\u5b8c\u6ee1\u7684\u89e3\u7b54\u3002\u5176\u4e2d\u8f83\u4e3a\u8457\u540d\u7684\u7406\u8bba\u89e3\u91ca\u548c\u5047\u8bf4\u6709\uff1a<\/p>\n

\u4e0a\u4e16\u7eaa20\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u9668\u77f3\u649e\u5730\u8bf4\u548c\u9668\u77f3\u7206\u70b8\u6c14\u5316\u5b66\u8bf4
\n1930\u5e74\u7684\u5f57\u661f\u5f57\u6838\u7206\u70b8\u5b66\u8bf4
\n1932\u5e74\u7684\u5b87\u5b99\u5c18\u57c3\u4e0e\u5730\u7403\u76f8\u649e\u8bf4
\n1934\u5e74\u7684\u5f57\u5c3e\u649e\u51fb\u5730\u7403\u8bf4
\n1945\u5e74\u7684\u5916\u661f\u5b87\u5b99\u98de\u8239\u53d1\u751f\u6838\u7206\u70b8\u8bf4
\n1946\u5e74\u7684\u706b\u661f\u4eba\u98de\u8239\u7206\u70b8\u8bf4
\n1947\u5e74\u7684\u53cd\u7269\u8d28\u9668\u77f3\u6e6e\u706d\u8bf4
\n1959\u5e74\u7684\u884c\u661f\u5185\u6838\u788e\u7247\u649e\u5730\u5b66\u8bf4
\n1961\u5e74\u7684\u5916\u661f\u98de\u789f\u89e3\u4f53\u8bf4
\n1962\u5e74\u7684\u6d41\u661f\u5f15\u8d77\u5730\u7403\u7535\u79bb\u5c42\u7834\u574f\u5b66\u8bf4
\n1964\u5e74\u7684\u5916\u661f\u667a\u80fd\u6587\u660e\u5229\u7528\u5b87\u5b99\u6fc0\u5149\u63a2\u6d4b\u5730\u7403\u751f\u547d\u8bf4
\n1965\u5e74\u7684\u5916\u661f\u96ea\u4eba\u98de\u8239\u5165\u4fb5\u5730\u7403\u5047\u8bf4
\n1966\u5e74\u767d\u77ee\u661f\u7684\u6052\u661f\u8d85\u5bc6\u5ea6\u788e\u7247\u9668\u843d\u649e\u5730\u5047\u8bf4
\n1967\u5e74\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u95ea\u7535\u5f15\u8d77\u7532\u70f7\u6c14\u4f53\u7206\u70b8\u8bf4
\n1968\u5e74\u6613\u71c3\u6c14\u4f53\u7206\u70b8\u53ca\u6c34\u5206\u89e3\u8bf4
\n1969\u5e74\u5b87\u5b99\u95f4\u53cd\u7269\u8d28\u5f57\u661f\u5760\u843d\u8bf4
\n1993\u5e74\u518d\u6b21\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u51b0\u9668\u77f3\u5760\u843d\u5047\u8bf4
\n1995\u5e74\u51fa\u73b0\u4e86\u53cd\u7269\u8d28\u8fdb\u5165\u5730\u7403\u5927\u6c14\u5f15\u8d77\u7206\u70b8\u7684\u5047\u8bf4
\n1995\u5e74\u7684\u78b3\u7403\u9668\u77f3\u649e\u5730\u7206\u70b8\u8bf4
\n1996\u5e74\u7684\u5c0f\u884c\u661f\u5760\u843d\u8bf4
\n1996\u5e74\u7684\u94f1\u542b\u91cf\u6781\u9ad8\u884c\u661f\u649e\u5730\u5b66\u8bf4
\n2009\u5e74\u5e7d\u6d6e\u727a\u7272\u81ea\u5df1\u6551\u5730\u7403\u8bf4<\/p>\n

\u9ed1\u6d1e\u8bf4
\n1973\u5e74\uff0c\u7f8e\u56fd\u5f97\u514b\u8428\u65af\u5927\u5b66\u7684\u4e24\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\u6770\u514b\u900a\uff08Jackson\uff09\u548c\u8d56\u5b89\uff08Ryan\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\uff0c\u901a\u53e4\u65af\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u662f\u7531\u4e8e\u4e00\u4e2a\u5c0f\u578b\u7684\u9ed1\u6d1e\uff08\u7ea61023 kg\uff09\u901a\u8fc7\u5730\u7403\u6240\u5f15\u8d77\u7684\u3002\u5e76\u4e14\u65ad\u5b9a\u5c0f\u578b\u9ed1\u6d1e\u662f\u5728\u51b0\u5c9b\u548c\u7ebd\u82ac\u5170\u5c9b\u4e4b\u95f4\u5927\u897f\u6d0b\u67d0\u5730\u7a7f\u8fc7\u5730\u7403\u7684\u3002\u4f46\u7531\u4e8e\u6ca1\u6709\u8bc1\u636e\u663e\u793a\u5728\u9ed1\u6d1e\u7a7f\u51fa\u5730\u7403\u65f6\u53d1\u751f\u7684\u7b2c\u4e8c\u6b21\u7206\u70b8\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u6b64\u5047\u8bf4\u6ca1\u6709\u88ab\u5e7f\u6cdb\u63a5\u53d7\u3002\u800c\u540e\u6765\u4eba\u4eec\u53d1\u73b0\u9ed1\u6d1e\u5176\u5b9e\u4e00\u76f4\u5728\u5411\u5916\u53d1\u5c04\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u7684X\u5c04\u7ebf\u548c\u03b3\u5c04\u7ebf\u3002\u6839\u636e\u53f2\u63d0\u82ac\u00b7\u5a01\u5ec9\u00b7\u970d\u91d1\u6240\u63d0\u51fa\u7684\u7406\u8bba\uff0c\u9ed1\u6d1e\u8d28\u91cf\u8d8a\u5c0f\uff0c“\u84b8\u53d1”\u8d8a\u5feb\u3002\u8fd9\u6837\u5c0f\u8d28\u91cf\u7684\u9ed1\u6d1e\u65e9\u5728\u5230\u8fbe\u5730\u7403\u4ee5\u524d\u5c31“\u84b8\u53d1”\u6b86\u5c3d\u4e86\u3002<\/p>\n

\u53cd\u7269\u8d28\u8bf4
\n1965\u5e74\uff0c\u4e09\u4f4d\u79d1\u5b66\u5bb6\uff08Cowan\u3001Atluri\u3001\u548cLibby\uff09\u63d0\u51fa\u901a\u53e4\u65af\u5927\u7206\u70b8\u662f\u7531\u4e00\u4e2a\u4ece\u592a\u7a7a\u5760\u843d\u7684\u53cd\u7269\u8d28\u6240\u9020\u6210\u7684\u3002\u4ed6\u4eec\u8fd8\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u534a\u514b\u94c1\u548c\u534a\u514b“\u53cd\u94c1”\u76f8\u649e\uff0c\u4fbf\u8db3\u4ee5\u4ea7\u751f\u76f8\u5f53\u4e8e\u5e7f\u5c9b\u539f\u5b50\u5f39\u7684\u5a01\u529b\u3002\u4f46\u4e00\u5982\u5176\u4ed6\u5f88\u591a\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u8fd9\u79cd\u89e3\u91ca\u540c\u6837\u672a\u80fd\u89e3\u91ca\u5728\u5f53\u5730\u627e\u5230\u7684\u9668\u77f3\u548c\u5f53\u5730\u591a\u79cd\u5143\u7d20\u542b\u91cf\u5f02\u5e38\u7684\u73b0\u8c61\u3002\u800c\u4e14\uff0c\u73b0\u5728\u6ca1\u6709\u5145\u5206\u8bc1\u636e\u8bc1\u660e\u53cd\u7269\u8d28\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3002\u5982\u679c\u53cd\u7269\u8d28\u5b58\u5728\u7684\u8bdd\uff0c\u5b83\u4eec\u5e94\u5f53\u4f1a\u5728\u4e0e\u7269\u8d28\u76f8\u9047\u7206\u70b8\u65f6\uff0c\u653e\u51fa\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u03b3\u5c04\u7ebf\u3002\u4f46\u4e00\u76f4\u6ca1\u6709\u627e\u5230\u56e0\u6b64\u53d1\u51fa\u7684\u03b3\u5c04\u7ebf\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7535\u78c1\u98ce\u66b4<\/p>\n

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